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محمد, مصطفي محمود محمد. حرب القديسين الثمانية في فلورنسا1375-1378م: دراسة وثائقية. مجلة کلية الآداب جامعة الفيوم, 2020; 12(العدد 2 (الإنسانيات)): 1636-1747. doi: 10.21608/jfafu.2020.42079.1175
حرب القديسين الثمانية في فلورنسا1375-1378م: دراسة وثائقية
مدرس بقسم التاريخ-کلية الأداب بقنا- جامعة جنوب الوادي
المستخلص
تعرضت الکنيسة البابوية خلال الربع الأخير من القرن الرابع عشر الميلادي، لخطر کبير قادم من شبه الجزيرة الإيطالية، وتحديدًا من اقليم توسکانيا، حيث انزعجت مدن هذا الإقليم من سوء الإدارة البابوية، والقيود التي فرضتها عليهم الأخيرة، بالإضافة الي التوسع الخطير للبابوية في الأراضي الإيطالية ، تمهيدًا لعودة الکرسي الرسولي إلي إيطاليا مرة أخري، وهو ما رفضته مدن توسکانيا خشية امتداد النفوذ البابوي لأراضيهم، فتزعمت مدينة فلورنسا حرکة العصيان ضد البابوية، رغبة منها في التحرر من تبعيتها، ودعت مدن ايطاليا للانضمام معها، وتشکيل عصبة تحالف مشترک للوقوف في وجه البابوية عام 1375م، وقامت فلورنسا بتشکيل لجنة مکونة من ثمانية أعضاء لإدارة الحرب مع البابوية، تلک اللجنة التي أدت دورًا کبيرًا خلال تلک الفترة من الصراع، وهو ما دفع المؤرخين لإضفاء مسمي " حرب القديسين الثمانية" علي الصراع الفلورنسي البابوي والذي استمر لمدة ثلاث سنوات( 1375-1378م)وکان له تبعاته في القرون اللاحقة وتأثيره الواضح علي السياسة والاقتصاد الفلورنسي، وعلي النظام السياسي القائم في الکنيسة.
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